ratio of bank credit over the GDP. Banks thus push firms away from exports that are facing an uphill battle on a competitive … foreign market due to a suboptimal use of the domestic factor endowment. Our results imply a disciplining role for bank credit … in terminating inefficient trade flows. This constitutes a new channel through which finance improves resource allocation …

ratio of bank credit over the GDP. Banks thus push firms away from exports that are facing an uphill battle on a competitive … foreign market due to a suboptimal use of the domestic factor endowment. Our results imply a disciplining role for bank credit … in terminating inefficient trade flows. This constitutes a new channel through which finance improves resource allocation …

. This latter finding suggests that the information provided by MGIs turned out to be key for bank–firm relations as scoring …

find it very difficult to raise external finance unless alternative contracting schemes emerge. In particular, group … lending or similarly micro-finance are examples of such alternative lending contracts. In this paper, we investigate the … effect of mutual guarantee institutions (MGI) on loan interest rates. We argue that, similarly to group lending and micro-finance …

, and firms use non-bank finance - including trade credits and barter trade - to finance production. The banking failure …

Italy, alleviate the difficulties that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) face when they ask for a bank loan. We find that …

of bank management. More specifically, high administrative costs, high non-performing loan ratio, market power, small …