<title>Abstract</title> This study examines women's declining use of maternal healthcare services in post-socialist Tajikistan. Using data from the 2003 and 2007 Tajikistan Living Standards Surveys (TLSS), the findings support previous evidence that a woman's use of prenatal and delivery care depends on her...

Post-socialist restoration of property rights brought expectations that small commercial farming would expand, raising smallholder incomes. However, commercial farming remains limited among smallholders in many places. This paper uses interviews with Bulgarian smallholders to analyze the...

The 1990s saw widespread decentralization of government in the former socialist countries of East-Central Europe and Eurasia. The reforms shared a goal of improving government performance by increasing accountability, bringing decisions more in line with the preferences of populations, and...

Central Asia has low labor force participation rates for women, despite high levels of poverty in the non-oil producing countries. Female labor force participation is related to competing uses for women’s time, especially in a context of poor infrastructure and limited availability of...

Summary We examine changes in the statistical association between parents' and children's schooling in one post-socialist country: Bulgaria. We document its near-doubling between 1995 and 2001. For children of less-educated parents, this produced an absolute decline in average attainment. These...

Economists studying developing and transition economies have recently drawn attention to the problem of intergenerational immobility, or the high rate of transmission of inequality from parent to child (World Bank 2005). One readily estimable measure of this intergenerational persistence of...

Preschool can contribute importantly to human capital development, especially among poor children. In socialist countries, preschool enrolment rates have declined since transition. We examine changed preschool enrolment in Kyrgyzstan. We evaluate demand- and supply-side explanations for changing...