A methodology other than that used for research may be more appropriate for designing and engineering projects. This paper compares the purposes and methodologies of research and of designing, and concludes that while their purposes are different, their current methodologies are the same. The...

Improving productivity and effectiveness in society and organizations is a need which is not being met satisfactorily in most countries. Goals of society and organizations are defined in circular and spiral terms, one leading to the other, as encouraging the development of individual...

Typologies of management problems, when suggested at all, focus on technique categories, previous solutions, current organizational activities, or abstract definitions. None appear to justify the rationale for establishing typologies: to identify the right situation or problem requiring...