This paper provides an analysis of co-benefits for traditional air pollutants made possible through global climate policies using the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) model in the time horizon up to 2050. The impact analysis is based on projections of energy...

This paper analyses factors that contributed to the evolution of SO<Subscript>2</Subscript>, NO<Subscript>x</Subscript> and CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emissions in Europe from 1960 to 2010. Historical energy balances, along with population and economic growth data, are used to quantify the impacts of major determinants of changing emission levels, including...</subscript></subscript></subscript>

The European Commission has proposed air quality standards for NO<Subscript>2</Subscript>, SO<Subscript>2</Subscript> and PM<Subscript>10</Subscript> to be in force by 2010. The present paper presents a study that gauged their costs and benefits. An analysis of the expected emissions for 2010 (reference emission scenario), using simplified air quality models,...</subscript></subscript></subscript>