Meeting the requirements of the Paris Agreement to keep the global average temperature from rising more than 2ºC above pre-industrial levels will mean vastly expanded use of low-carbon sources of electricity, such as wind and solar power, as well as advanced technologies for long-term energy...

While in almost every country in the world urbanization has been accompanied by more intensive use of motorized transportation, in the cities of developing Asia these processes have occurred more rapidly and under different conditions. Planners are not prepared to deal with the pace of...

In the poorer countries of the world, where energy consumption per capita is lower than in the industrialized nations, the process of rapid urbanization is a strong feature of the dynamic of economic development. Population growth rates in cities are consistently higher than in the countryside,...

We compare changes in the structure of residential electricity use in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden since the early 1970s. A major distinguishing feature among these countries has been consistent differences in the average residential price of electricity. We reach three important conclusions: (1)...

Since the 1970s, Canada has formulated various strategy measures to accelerate the development of energy efficiency systems and renewable energy technologies and has made significant progress. "From 1990 to 2003, Canada's energy efficiency improved by an estimated 13%, or 883.3 petajoules,...

Climate change and increasing climate variability threaten the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), and some of the worst effects on human health and agriculture will be in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in vulnerable regions. The relationships between climate change and the...