the Benin region of colonial Nigeria. Planters initially obtained land by traditional methods. Mature plantations were … faced disputes with competing claimants and the state. I show that the introduction of Para rubber had similar effects in … assets that could be sold, let out, and used to raise credit. Disputes over rubber involved smallholders, communities of …

Although Nigeria's Benin region was a major rubber producer in 1960, the industry faltered before 1921. I use labor … scarcity and state capacity to explain why rubber did not take hold in this period. The government was unable to protect Benin …'s rubber forests from over-exploitation. Plantations found it difficult to recruit workers, and the government was unwilling to …

practice. Additionally, development issues are weak with lack of infrastructure, investments and governmental services of …, services and directed development programs. Moreover, new agreements are required to avoid transforming those societies into …

other Igbo groups of Nigeria, however, curtailed private rights over palm trees in response to the palm produce trade of the …

organised toward technological development. This paper reflects upon the role of different organisations as knowledge brokers in … research with policy-making and economic development, particularly in an African context. …

-conceived notion of agricultural sector capacity for innovation and development. This paper discusses the emergence of a new class of … developmental activities of government programmes, NGOs and development projects. This type of enterprise activity is not corporate … "bottom-up" and "bottom-line". This paper classifies these organisations as Development-Relevant Enterprises (DevREs …

international champions of the dominant view on agricultural research and development. …

property rights (IPRs) and market concentration on the development and diffusion of biotechnology in Sub-Saharan Africa is …