Starting from the current international context in which performance management is key to overcoming the financial crisis, the content of the work we have addressed in detail and co-ordinate the management process. Thus, we presented two forms of coordination, coordination of horizontal and...

In today’s world, with development of economic globalization and competition among enterprises of the content, in addition to markets, products, technologies, increased competition in human resources. The purpose of study of the informal organization is to its as a human resources can be...

Trading favors is a pervasive business practice, especially in emerging economies. To date, a range of theories has been utilized to explore trading favors, but most extant studies focus especially on negative aspects of favors (e.g., corruption and bribery). We adopt transaction cost economics...

This paper examines some of the interrelationships between the formal organization of a regulatory agency and its task environment. Central to the analysis is the development of a simulation model of a regulatory agency. The model depicts the agency as an hierarchical assemblage of decision...

In this paper we extend the gift-exchange game setting to include a new experimental treatment where subjects are paired with the same partner for the whole game. We observe that the matching mode is more critical to cooperation levels than the contractual arrangement, and that trust-based...

We estimate the impact of rustication on sent-down cohorts during the decade period of the Cultural Revolution, relying on econometric methods and policy reviewing. The data used from the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP) for the years 1995 and 2002 show that the average income of...

During the Cultural Revolution China embarked on a remarkable, albeit temporary, expansion of post-primary education in rural areas. This education expansion affected tens of millions of children who reached secondary school age in the late 1960s and 1970s. Exploiting the education expansion and...

The early Soviet response to the Chinese Cultural Revolution was striking not only for its humor and creativity, but also for its spontaneity, the uncertainty of its implications, and for the remarkable snapshot it generated of Soviet identity. China not only brought out the patriotism of the...

<p>Since the second half of the 1990s, economic restructuring in urban China has led to widespread joblessness and income insecurity. The rapid expansion of the system of social assistance, Di Bao, can be understood from this perspective. Using a survey covering large parts of urban China in 2002,...</p>

The link between mental stress and cancer is still a belief, not a well established scientific fact. Scientists have relied largely on opinions of cancer stricken patients to establish a link between stress and cancer. Such opinion surveys tend to produce contradictory statistical inferences....