We analyze an underrepresented area in the international business (IB) and finance literatures: the simultaneous effects of multinational enterprises' (MNEs) portfolios of foreign cross-listings' and firm performance. We build on the literatures of multinationality-performance in the IB field...

A number of developing countries have enacted pro-market reforms to transform their economies from socialist to market economies. These reforms bring sweeping changes in the economic and competitive landscapes of these countries, with significant consequences for firm performance. We integrate...

Summary We extend the regional/global strategies literature by analyzing the relative performance of emerging market (EM) multinational enterprises (MNEs) based on their geographic orientation. We develop a framework showing that firms adopt three geographic orientations--local, regional, and...