The collaborative integration with global third party logistics (3PL) to execute physical distribution dictates the success of any global supply chain (GSC) application. In an overall effort to minimize the system-wide cost, global 3PL can apply various consolidation policies to maximize the...

In the information age, more and more data are stored in databases. Some data are retrieved in a statistical format as a means of protection. A statistical database provides summarized statistics to users while usually sheltering individual information. However, it has been found that users can...

Electronic commerce (EC) is increasingly popular in today's businesses. The business-to-consumer EC environment has voluminous, unpredictable, and dynamically changing customer orders. A major part of the delivery system of this environment is the dynamic vehicle routing (DVR) system. This study...