The bullwhip effect means that demand variability increases as one moves up the supply chain. In the following article the bullwhip effect is quantified for each part of the supply chain which is presupposed to consist of a producer, a wholesaler, a retailer, and a consumer. After considering...

This paper describes the main elements of Efficient Consumer Response (ECR), a modern logistics concept. Further, the implementation of a new picking system within the framework of ECR is discussed and exemplified in a practical retail case. As a result, the authors show that already the...

In this paper the general concept of Supply Chain Management (SCM) is described and the scientific cooperation models in the supply chain are discussed. Though there are several models to explain cooperations there is no clear perspective on the needed competencies in companies to shape a...