, the external terms of trade, and productivity in the manufacturing sector. A once-and-for-all unit increase in the ratio …

The effect of exchange rate volatility on trade flows was examined by a 1984 IMF study on G-7 countries. Over the past … exchange hedging instruments, may have reduced the impact of volatility on trade flows. Using recent advances in the economic … theories on trade and in statistical methodologies, this paper revisits this important issue by taking into account these new …

Latin AmericaÂ’s trade relationships have been severely strained by the series of uncoordinated currency depreciations … depreciations, whether forced by capital markets or unilaterally effected for competitive trade reasons, are equivalent to steep … increases in tariffs facing trading partners; they damage trade relationships and distort trade-oriented economic growth. The …

and intranational data to evaluate the linkages between trade in goods, trade in financial assets, specialization and … important, as both trade and financial openness have a direct and an indirect effect on cycle synchronization. (ii) A variety of … reflection of intra-industry trade, and of openness to goods and assets trade. (iv) The estimated role of trade is in line with …

This paper provides econometric estimates of trade elasticities for Brazil obtained through cointegration and vector … responsiveness of Brazil's trade flows to the real exchange rate, but (ii) the GDP growth rates targeted by the new government may …

economic policy coordination. The IMF helps to ensure economic gains from globalization by encouraging trade liberalization …

We examine how Korea’s capital flows and trade have been affected by the quantitative easing (QE) of the United … in the world market for trade. We find that QE had little direct impact on capital flows to Korea, and tapering is … the exchange rate spillover from QQME to Korea has been limited both on trade and capital flow fronts. …