<!--Début du contenu @xml:lang="en"--> ?In this paper, we explain why and how the ado? <!--Fin du contenu @xml:lang="en"--> <!--Début du contenu @xml:lang="en"--> ?ption of a modular product-architecture transforms the organisation of industry. Considering the auto industry, we show that modularity-as-process transforms the overall automobile industry: carmakers, suppliers and buyer/suppliers...

Discussions of the role European Commissioners play in European Union politics are shaped by three powerful implicit assumptions. These posit a causal relationship between a Commissioner's behaviour and previous career, portfolio and national origin. In addition, Commissioners are seen as...