This paper addresses the role of trade restrictions in support of policies to protect the global environment and proposes a more liberal treatment of these environmental trade measures (ETMs) than that adopted by dispute- settlement panels of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)....

This article provides a theoretical framework, based on optimal control theory, to analyze farm households' land-use intensification decisions in forest-based shifting cultivation (slash-and-burn) agroecosystems. The main results from the analysis generally coincide with the Population Pressure...

Stigma is a negative attribute of real estate acquired by the discovery of contamination and reflected in its value (Elliot-Jones, 1996). Using a theoretical model with external economies and adjustment costs, we show that both temporary stigma and permanent stigma are possible equilibrium...

Dual pricing is a practice that has garnered significant attention recently as either a potentially prohibited export subsidy or an actionable de facto specific subsidy under the WTO. Dual pricing practices by natural resource-endowed countries allow for the domestic price of natural resources...

Traditional energy planning in Europe and the United States focuses on finding the least-cost generating alternative. This approach worked sufficiently well in a technological era marked by relative cost certainty, low rates of technological progress, technologically homogenous generating...

Unplanned suburban growth imposes social costs such as congestion, pollution, and open space reduction. Anti-sprawl policies are being adopted in fast growing metropolitan areas. This paper explores one potential benefit of sprawl. Sprawl increases housing affordability and this may contribute...

Corporate environmentalism - environmental improvement not required by law - has become increasingly prominent in recent years. The new emphasis on voluntarism makes little sense within conventional paradigms for understanding environmental policy. Because pollution abatement is costly, firms...

Basic thermodynamic calculations lead to the reliable result that the primary energy consumption (PEC) is the main origin of the observed temperature increase of the earth climate. The CO2 greenhouse gas influence plays comparably no decisive role. Based on the second law of thermodynamics the...