The objective of social protection policies is to help families, individuals and communities with the prevention and mitigation of social and economic risks. Social protection policies are a range of public interventions to support the poor and vulnerable, and assist families, individuals and...

Mongolia has experienced strong economic growth and declining poverty in the past. With the implementation of the law on employment promotion in 2011, the Government of Mongolia provided the legal base for a set of employment promotion programs. By means of these programs, different vulnerable...

Access to energy is fundamental to improving quality of life and is a key imperative for economic development" (Energy Poverty Action). This is particularly true in Central Asia where winters are harsh and long. Changes in energy prices affect the purchasing power of households, hitting the poor...

There has been an ongoing debate among researchers, policy-makers and development partners in low-income countries on whether and to what degree non-contributory social transfers should be targeted to the poor or paid out universally to every citizen or to all citizens in a particular category....

This paper describes an analysis of the impact that higher energy tariffs would have on households in the Kyrgyz Republic using micro-data from the 2009 Kyrgyz Integrated Household Survey. This analysis was conducted to determine which households would be most affected by higher energy tariffs...

This study estimates the rates of return (RoR) of non-contributory social transfer programmes in Cambodia using household data and going beyond standard cost efficiency analyses by developing a dynamic micro simulation. It shows that social protection promotes equitable economic growth by...

Due to the acknowledgment that children deserve special focus in poverty measurement, the measurement of child poverty and well-being has received increasing attention within the academic and policy arena. The dependence of children on their direct environment for the provision of basic needs,...

TThree decades have passed since the Iranian revolution in 1979 and the country has gone through various waves of changes in its economic, political, social and cultural systems. In 1980, one year after the revolution, the Iran-Iraq war started. A war, which lasted eight years and towards its...