, through to more recent automatic identification (auto-ID) techniques such as smart cards and biometrics. The findings indicate …This paper traces the use of identification techniques throughout the ages and focuses on the growing importance of … citizen identification by governments. The paper uses a historical approach beginning with manual techniques such as tattoos …

assessed against the standards used to justify other forms of security measures. The efficacy of many surveillance schemes … trust, firstly in the assertions of national security and law enforcement agencies, and secondly in the politicians who have …

utilises the security enhanced 64K microprocessor chip and biometric technology, ensuring a high level of accuracy, enabling … more than 27.73 million Malaysians to transact conveniently and securely with the government and private sectors through …

a smart card recording all the benefits that the poor are entitled to receive through government programs. [Planning …

biometric data has had a spectacular evolution. The iris and retinal scanning recognition and identification systems are being … implemented on a wider and wider scale in top fields of activity such as security, defense, data protection, banking, etc ….The present article aims to enlarge on some aspects regarding recognition and identification of the person by iris, highlighting …

monitoring not only of the government and the authorities, but those investigating the conflict in the present tense. The author …

interests of public service and service in local government were added to the new composition, under Art. 292 1: Unlawful … issuance of a passport citizen Russia, as well as the introduction of false information in the documents, resulting in the …

territory by passport holders from certain countries for economic and political reasons and deterring individuals from other … countries for reasons of perceived security and immigration-control. The resulting system is one of highly unequal access to … foreign spaces, reinforcing existing inequalities. Trans- national mobility is encouraged for passport holders from privileged …