In this paper, we perform factor analysis on yield curves estimated by McCulloch and Nelson-Siegel methods. We estimate factors using nominal volume-weighted average monthly zero-coupon yields data from the Turkish Secondary Government Securities market. Our main aim is to characterize each...

This paper uses statistical techniques to estimate monthly yield curves in Turkey using secondary government securities data from 1992 to 2004. We use both the spline based method of McCulloch and the parsimonious model of Nelson-Siegel to estimate monthly yield curves. Instead of using...

We examine the impact of banks’ exposure to market liquidity shocks through wholesale funding on their supply of credit during the financial crisis in the United States. We focus on mortgage lending to minimize the impact of confounding demand factors that could potentially be large when...

Poor farmers in developing countries need access to affordable high-quality seed of improved crop varieties to improve their incomes and reduce malnutrition. Vegetables are vital for balanced nutrition, particularly in Africa, where production has been almost static for decades, per capita...

The role that international trade plays in measuring sustainable development has come under recent scrutiny. We examine international resource flows using an input–output framework that is akin to ‘ecological balance of payments’ analysis. This framework allows us to use to calculate the...

This internal background paper has been prepared to help inform the 2010 environment strategy with respect to a proposed way forward on use of country systems. The World Bank Group environment strategy is built on three pillars: leveraging natural resources for growth and poverty reduction;...