of an Article 36 equivalent for financial services. The result is a European regime with a high degree of internal …

This chapter asks why and how services that are not previously thought of as tradable have increasingly been opened up … argues that lobbying by producers or users of services cannot fully explain reform nor does EU membership simply constrain … particular, the ability of the government to re-interpret services as regular tradable products combined with new regulation to …

markets for raising capital. …

The key concept underlying the Basel II framework for risk measurement and corresponding equity capital standards is … segmentation approach’ with regard to the credit default event and measure the implications for regulatory capital requirements. As … significant savings in terms of ensuring a lower regulatory capital requirement. This provides banks with the opportunity to …