effect, whereby price influences the individual by changing community smoking behavior. Estimates suggest a 10 percent … increase in price decreases daily smoking by 0.75 percentage points (1.7 percent), occasional smoking by 1.39 percentage points … (9.3 percent) and average smoking intensity by 0.15 cigarettes per day (2.9 percent). Further, the indirect effect …

analysis includes an estimation of changes in smoking prevalence, mortality, life expectancy, and public health expenditures by … tobacco taxation in these three countries. According to the results obtained, in 2012 smoking caused around 310,000 deaths in … income quintile and gender. Considered excise growth can lead to about 3.5 to 4.0 percent fall in smoking prevalence, which …