The on-going banking crisis has demonstrated the significance of banking for economic growth. While banks as creators of money are important for the functioning of the economy, bank lending to productive enterprises is necessary for economic activity. Much of the international policy discussion...

Keynes was always alert to the fact that capitalism, though in his mind the most efficient form of economic organization, was flawed in many respects and often offered its participants no incentive to rearrange matters to bring about a better outcome. In this paper the authors briefly review...

The central focus of this book is the relationship between money, the sphere of production, and the State. It explores how best to adapt the fundamental ideas of the circulationist perspective to achieve a better understanding of the financialisation of the production processes within...

This paper builds on a synthesis of endogenous money and liquidity preference theory to address the mechanisms by which monetary policy takes effect. We focus on the United Kingdom, under a range of institutional arrangements. Rather than operating solely by means of "the" exogenous interest...

There has been considerable discussion lately of the concept of open systems, which has revealed that different participants are using the terms 'openness' and 'closure' in different ways. The purpose of this paper is to address issues of meaning that arise in this particular discourse, with a...