cointegration among the series. In the long run, trade openness promotes economic growth. The growth-led-trade hypothesis is …The study investigates the impact of trade openness on economic growth in the long run. We apply the ARDL bounds … development as an additional determinant of economic growth using the framework of Mankiw et al. (1992). The results confirm …

The study investigates effect of trade openness on economic growth in the long run. We apply the ARDL bounds testing … additional determinant of economic growth using the framework of Mankiw (1992). The results confirm cointegration among the … series. In long run, trade openness promotes economic growth. The growth-led-trade hypothesis is vindicated by VECM Granger …

This paper tests the relationship between trade and economic growth for the case of Romania, during 1998-2004. We … employed cointegration and Granger-causality tests on stochastic systems composed of exports, imports and GDP. In order to have …, export-led-growth hypothesis is verified. Bi-directional causality found for exports and output in the case of Czech Republic …

and growth in Pakistan. Furthermore, the results of causality test and variance decomposition analysis suggest a … unidirectional causality running from natural gas consumption to economic growth. Gas being the primary source of energy in Pakistan …This paper examines the relationship between natural gas consumption and economic growth in Pakistan using a …

under the framework of Granger causality and panel cointegration for Pakistan over the period 1981-2008. The result supports …-way causality between FDI and GDP is identified. At the sectoral level, the effects of FDI on growth vary significantly across … th e evidence of panel cointegration between FDI and output. FDI has a positive effect on output in the long run. The …

measures on Bangladesh's growth process by analyzing the 1974-2007 data with the help of cointegration, error correction, and … Granger causality tests. The results suggest that long-run economic growth in Bangladesh is largely explained by investments … causality runs in both ways between capital account liberalization and economic growth, it runs only in one direction from …

Granger causality results also indicates that savings growth can effectively spur economic growth in Pakistan. …The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between savings and economic growth in Pakistan over the period … 1971–2011. The cointegration and the Granger causality tests are adopted to examine the relationship between the variables …

financial indicators on human development in Pakistan by using annual data from 1975 to 2010. Data is analyzed by cointegration … as an important driver for increase in human capital in Pakistan. Results indicate that causality runs from financial … with economic growth and human development in Pakistan. Variance decomposition analysis shows that among all the financial …

This study revisits the relationship between defence spending and economic growth using Keynesian model in Pakistan by …. Empirical evidence suggests a stable cointegration relationship between defence spending and economic growth. An increase in … economic growth. Interest rate is inversely associated with economic growth. Finally, unidirectional causality running from …