Greening the Budget regards the fundamental cause of environmental degradation as government and market failure and proposes the use of budgets as an instrument of environmental policy to rectify this problem. The book focuses on the elements of the public budget which currently affect the...

It is important for policy makers to understand the extent to which the purported benefits of energy efficiency are real, and how they can be achieved. This "reflections" aims to help the policy community understand how the literature can assist them in assessing the opportunities, challenges,...

In 2008, the European Union established what seemed like an ambitious cap (−21% from 2005 levels) for the third phase (2013–2020) of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). Ex ante modeling—which took account of the reductions in emissions resulting from meeting the...

In this paper, we have surveyed the effects of European climate change policy on European economies and societies, and analyzed them empirically. The paper consists of four parts. Namely, 1) a survey of ex-ante studies and ex-post literatures on the cost assessments of European Union Emissions...