We present the possibility of replicating the performance of a long-term put, which is not available in the financial markets, by a set of other traded financial assets. First, a benchmark portfolio is formed out of one share of stock and one put on the stock with a certain exercise price and a...

Purpose: This study investigates the income and price elasticities of disaggregated import demand function in case of Pakistan. Methodology: This paper applies the ARDL bound testing approach to co-integration over the time span of 1972-2009. Findings: Our empirical findings show that there...

The objective of present study is to examine the role of import demand function for Tunisia. We utilize Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ADRL) to bound testing approach to cointegration. The time period include for this purpose starts from 1980 and ends at 2009. The overall results indicate that...

This paper visits the impact of economic misery on human capital outflow using time series data over the period of 1975-2012. We have applied the combined cointegration tests and innovative accounting approach to examine long run and causal relationship between the variables. Our results affirm...

This study examines the short run and long relationship among carbon emission, energy consumption and economic growth in case of Pakistan for the time period 1980-2012. For this purpose we have employed Johansen co-integration approach and the results reveal that there exists long run...

This study aims to investigate the role of economic growth and inflation in explaining the prevalence of poverty in Pakistan. ARDL bound testing approach to co-integration confirms the existence of long run relationship among the variables of poverty, economic growth, inflation, investment and...

This paper provides a systematic empirical study of the role of credit market frictions in the transmission of monetary shocks. First, using macro data for a developing economy (Pakistan), we show that banking spreads are countercyclical, even when we control for credit risk, monetary policy and...

Teacher profile and characteristics are not weightless because student achievements are heavily teacher dependent. In this detailed and in-depth research, the impact of teacher wages on students’ achievement was assessed in different ways by using different measuring sticks; starting salary,...

Potassium impregnated mixed oxides of lanthanum and magnesium in 1:1 to 1:5 atomic ratios were prepared by co-precipitation at a constant pH. These were characterized by FEG–SEM–EDX, TEM, Powder XRD, Hammett indicators and acid/base titration and, were evaluated as heterogeneous catalysts...

A series of Li/CaO catalysts has been prepared by impregnating 0.5–5.0 wt% Li in CaO by wet chemical method. Prepared Li/CaO catalysts have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area...