The anti-dumping agreement is a major agreement in the rules segment of the Uruguay Round package, although some versions of the anti-dumping code precede the Uruguay Round. Dumping is defined as exporting a product at lower than its 'normal value', interpreted as exporting below the sales price...

Property rights always create a limited monopoly of the right holder. Intellectual property rights (IPR) came into existence in order to acknowledge and encourage creativity, for example, literary works, although in early days the provision was misused as a government policy. In the subsequent...