The purpose of this article is to analyze the simultaneity of spatial dependence in the first-order spatial autoregressive model, SAR(1). Spatial dependence can be not only contemporary but also time-lagged in many socio-economic phenomena. In this paper, we use three Moran-based spacetime...

This paper analyses a second-order polynomial spatial structure in the residues of a regression model. We propose a new specification that captures spatial dependence on two different levels, adding a new autoregressive cycle to the errors of the classical spatial error model (SEM). The...