Normalization of expression levels applied to microarray data can help in reducing measurement error. Different methods, including cyclic loess, quantile normalization and median or mean normalization, have been utilized to normalize microarray data. Although there is considerable literature...

Maintenance genes can be used for normalization in the comparison of gene expressions. Even though the absolute expression levels of maintenance genes may vary considerably among different tissues or cells, a set of maintenance genes may provide suitable normalization if their expression levels...