This paper surveys financial reforms in the world's two most populous countries where governments dominate bank ownership. This ownership creates tensions between governments' social goals and bank efficiency since bank lending decisions are not based on the creditworthiness of potential...

Despite its importance as an investment destination and major exporting country, china is considerably less integrated into the global financial system than might be expected. The lack of integration stems in part from China's focus on its domestic goals of balancing growth and stability while...

China's state-owned banks historically have funded money losing enterprises to maintain employment and social stability. We survey the banking industry in China, focusing on the largest banks which are being reformed to increase their competitiveness following China's 2001 WTO commitment to open...

China has emerged as a major power in the world economy, so it seems natural to consider whether its currency will also have a major role. However, at present it is not used internationally. We look at the factors that contribute to the international use of currencies, and focus on the aspects...