The extraterritorial application of U.S. economic sanctions and trade controls is a perennial topic of discussion among international trade practitioners and a frequent cause for concern abroad. While long present in one form or another as part of several U.S. trade and export control programs,...

This research attempts to explain the large differences in the early diffusion of the mafia across different areas of Sicily. We advance the hypothesis that, after the demise of Sicilian feudalism, the lack of publicly provided property-right protection from widespread banditry favored the...

Contract enforcement is probabilistic, but the probability depends on rules and processes. A stimulus to trade may induce traders to alter rules or processes to improve enforcement. In the model of this paper, such a positive knock-on effect occurs when the elasticity of supply of traders is...

Am 67. "ifo Konjunkturtest International" (KTI) beteiligten sich über 600 Experten aus 81 Ländern. Die Teilnehmer aus fast allen Regionen haben sowohl die aktuelle Wirtschaftslage in ihrem Land als auch die Aussichten für die kommenden sechs Monate besser beurteilt als bei der vorangegangenen...