Energy subsidies are used widely. Although adverse from an efficiency perspective, subsidies confer private benefits on … overcoming the barriers to reform. The starting point is to look at the motives lying behind the adoption of energy subsidies … then looks at the characteristics of countries that use energy subsidies. Countries with weak institutions – often non …

It has been suggested in the literature that taxes and subsidies play an important role in explaining the differences … explaining this variation. I analyse two types of policies: childcare subsidies and family cash benefits. I distinguish between … people with children and people without children. Childcare subsidies should increase working hours in the economy and these …