the presumption that the pound sterling continued to dominate the U.S. dollar in central bank reserves until after World … our understanding of interwar monetary history but also for the prospects of the dollar and the euro as reserve currencies. …

The euro has arisen as a credible eventual competitor to the dollar as leading international currency, much as the … major currencies in the reserve holdings of the world’s central banks. Significant factors include: size of the home country … euro over the period 1999-2007. This paper updates calculations regarding possible scenarios for the future. We exclude the …

monetary policy in a world with a dollar standard, defined here as a environment in which all traded goods prices are set in US … particular, the US is essentially indifferent to exchange rate volatility in setting monetary policy, while the rest of the world … the US and the rest of the world, the preferences of the US dominate. That is, the equilibrium is identical to one where …

Sovereign debt crisis in the Euro area, which began officially in Greece, was predicted by over the years for many …, more countries with a weaker economy, even if they were not part of the Euro area. However, its effects were seen in Europe … system makes the confidence the world actors in it to fall ... or not? …