"fairness" and "convenience" then it admits unique prices, in the sense of consistent exchange-rates across commodity pairs ij … directed graphs G in a precise sense. The edges of G can be regarded as markets for commodity pairs, and prices play a stronger … role in that the return to a trader depends only on his own offer and the prices. Finally we consider "strongly" minimal …

mechanism has a distinguished commodity -- the money -- that serves as the sole medium of exchange and mediates trade between …

Using annual data from several sources, we study the evolution of M1, M2, income, prices and long and short interest … rates in Ireland over the period 1933-2012. We find cointegration and that prices, income and interest rates are weakly …

In this paper, we study the statistical relationship between money and prices in Argentina during the last quarter of … then apply a filter similar to that of Lucas (1980) and find that correlations between changes in money and prices are … the money stock. Taking lags and leads in the moving averages of prices, we find very different temporal results for the …

The objective of the paper is to re-examine the causal relationship between money and prices in Pakistan using recent … relationship between prices and M2 definition of money. The other definitions of money do not seem to be related with prices. The … analysis further suggests a unidirectional causality running from money to prices and thus supporting the monetarists’s claim …

rejection. Actions which in the absence of such money, have little influence on total spending, output and prices, on the …, who tried to revitalize and reconfigure the old quantity theory of money. These ideas were transposed and discussed by …

distortive advertising. Buyers read advertising, screen for quality of each good, choose prices optimally and provide a numeraire … good (or money) in exchange. The total numbers of sellers of the two types determine the total production. The total number …

model emphasises the inter-relationships between internal and external balances and also the relation between money, output …, prices and balance of payments. A few counterfactual simulations relating to stepping-up public investment in infrastructure …

nominal money and nominal income, and between nominal money and prices using the annual data set from 1959-60 to 2003 … money in the Pakistani economy, as it is found to be leading variables in changing prices without any feedback. In the case … due to the price hikes in the early 1970s. We investigate the causal relations between real money and real income, between …