Applying John R. Commons institutional economic framework, this paper analyzes the evolution of the key institutions in the Malian cotton sector starting with the CFDT contract following the country‘s Independence in 1960; the nationalization of the cotton gin company, CMDT, in 1974; the completion of...

Health policy in the United States struggles with apparently conflicting purposes: (1) access to health care and (2) cost-containment. The failures of policy to resolve this apparent conflict have produced inequities in the health system and the perverse outcomes of high costs and poor access....

Yngve Ramstad claimed that John R. Commons had few followers and that his ideas had relatively little influence on others, at least partly because of the difficulties of separating particular aspects of Commons' work from his whole system of thought. In contrast, the argument in this paper is...

While John R. Commons often referred to third sector organizations, such as associations, cooperatives, and trade unions, it is unclear how these organizations can be fitted into his transactional typology. This paper clarifies this problem by identifying two dimensions of bargaining,...

The third-party payment system protects security of expectations of providers and patients for payment for medical care. When health insurance coverage is lost through unemployment, security of expectations is threatened. The continuation coverage provisions of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget...

John Commons' influence in American labor economics was eclipsed after World War II by a resurgent neoclassical labor economics that gradually relegated Commons' institutional orientation to the periphery of economic discourse. A common opinion is that the work of institutional economists in the...