« Social freedom » and the respect of corresponding rights, as well as Pareto efficiency (a priori required by democracy), imply that taxes and subsidies (re)distributing income are based on given « natural resources », the main of which ?'by very far?' consists of individuals?' productive...

This paper offers an institutional explanation for the growth, organizational transformations, and decline of the piquetero social movement in Argentina, developed from a comparative perspective based on Latin America. I analyze which institutional arrangements, political actors, and...

In this paper, we revisit 'what and who' is middle class in South Africa using data collected in the 2008 National Income Dynamics Study. First we consider how to identify the middle class based on two broad definitions adopted in the international literature: a middle class defined by the...

Представлен ретроспективный сравнительный анализ социально-экономического развития постсоветских государств. Основное внимание автор уделяет выявлению...

Purpose – Using official and household survey data, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the size of middle class in rural China, its trend and geographical distribution. Determinants or drivers of changes in the size of middle class are explored. Design/methodology/approach – An absolute...

In the light of the economic, political and social significance of the middle class for South Africa’s emerging democracy, we critically examine contrasting conceptualisa-tions of social class. We compare four rival approaches to empirical estimation of class: an occupational skill measure, a...

This paper summarizes the findings in this special issue of the Latin American Journal of Economics on entrepreneurship's role in upward social mobility in Latin America, especially for the middle class, often considered the cradle of entrepreneurship. The income-persistent coefficients...

This paper explores whether Colombia's middle class is a cradle of entrepreneurship that drives innovation and business growth and fosters social mobility. Microeconomic data are used to characterize entrepreneurs by income group and business characteristics. While entrepreneurs appear to enjoy...

This paper provides an assessment of how households’ income has fared compared with GDP. While the prime focus is on incomes around the median, attention is paid also to the bottom of the income distribution. Thus, one contribution of the paper is to deliver a fresh assessment of the evolution...

In Romania, the communist regime promoted an official policy of gender equality for more than 40 years, providing equal access to education and employment, and restricting pay differentiation based on gender. After its fall in December 1989, the promotion of equal opportunities and treatment for...