A new born child has on average a three months longer life expectancy than a newborn of the previous year. Consequences of these gains in life expectancy are-in the case of a constant statutory retirement age-increasing pay-out-periods in the PAYGS. The retirement age of 67 tries to cover the...

As the economic and financial crisis accelerates worldwide, covering the expenses driven by an aging population is a challenge both now and in the future for the pension systems. Thus it is necessary to adopt sustainable reforms to cushon the expected impact of these crises on the budget. In...

The impending demographic crisis calls for fundamental reforms of old-age security. In a democracy, however, reforms require the support of the majority. A reform that aims at reducing the size of unfunded pension systems is supported by the young and opposed by the old. As long as the young...

Why are public-sector workers so heavily compensated with pensions and other non-pecuniary benefits? In this paper, we present a political economy model of shrouded compensation in which politicians compete for taxpayers' and public employees' votes by promising compensation packages, but some...

The share of Americans with defined contribution pension plans now exceeds the share of those with defined benefit plans. Wolff refers to this as the "great transformation" and it leads him to examine recent evidence to see whether there are winners and losers resulting from this switch away...

As Ontario pushes ahead with pension reform to improve retirement security for its citizens, it should consider a “middle-way” solution between current competing visions for reform, according to a report released today by the C.D. Howe institute. In “Helping Ontarians Save for Retirement:...

The limitations inherent in the traditional pension models – defined contribution (DC) and defined benefit (DB) – are facing increased scrutiny and new models are developing in response to these pressures. Due to extremely low interest rates and the volatility of equity markets, over the...

In this paper we present a general assessment of the labour market situation of older workers in the Czech Republic, starting with a more general overview of the demographic situation and emphasizing the generational differences among the young-old and older cohorts, underlying a number of...

The 2013 pension reform in Lithuania forced workers to choose their level of participation to the second pillar system. Three options were given - a lower contribution rate, a higher contribution rate with governmental subsidy, and to exit from the second pillar system. The aim of this article...

There is evidence in the literature that spending on a specific area could increase less than the amount transferred to that area, being the rest of the resources used to finance other public goods and services. This result became known as fungibility effect. The purpose of this paper is to...