Many production activities generate undesirable outputs in conjunction with the desirable outputs. In this paper we present the first estimates of a multiple-input, multiple-output directional distance function that relates good and bad inputs from home, school, and environment to good and bad...

We estimate a directional distance function to assess the impacts of multiple time-varying parent and child inputs on a cluster of jointly produced child outcomes for children aged 7 to 13 years. The directional distance function specification avoids several well-known empirical problems...

We develop a dynamic model of intrahousehold allocation to examine how parental time and resource investment trade-offs combine intertemporally to affect child human-capital development. The model allows parents' endogenous child investments, labor supply, and leisure choices to be determined...