important role in shaping economic institutions. This insight explains why during the fourteenth century, when plagues decimated … conclusion has implications for the study of institutions, economics, and religion throughout history and in the developing world …

The paper aims to show some of the complex relationships between institutions and industrial policies. Institutions are …

is slower and institutions are worse, especially if they were not strong initially, which are detrimental for growth. …

in the rewards associated with industrial policy, and the fact that the objectives of the institutions implementing the …

, footloose foreign traders and municipal autonomy) was central to the rise of inclusive trade institutions in Europe. The first … concurrentes entre elles, des négociants se déplaçant facilement, et l’autonomie urbaine) a été centrale pour la généralisation d’institutions … compétition urbaine combinée à des institutions de bonne qualité n’apparaît pas comme un facteur de croissance pour les villes …

Institutions (including regulations) are constitutive elements of innovation systems, and therefore cornerstones of …