The euro area economic  crisis is largely a result of the competitiveness disparity between Germany and the rest of the euro area. The wage moderation in Germany has considerably improved  its competitiveness in relation to the rest of the euro area. Wage policy has been deflationary in...

Abstract: The study evaluates the impacts of EU climate policy on emission allowance price, electricity prices, the competitiveness of industry and macroeconomic developments in the third EU emission trading period 2013-2020. The economic impacts of climate policy on Finland are compared to the...

The study deals with the theory and measurement of competitiveness. The basic theory of firm implies that under constant returns to scale the unit cost of production can be used to measure the marginal cost of production and to model the impact of competitiveness on the market share of a firm....

This study develops a model which can be used to evaluate the producer price effects and regional consumer price effects of alternative methods of financing social security, i.e. employers social security contributions and value added taxes. In the model system producer prices are determined by...

Selvityksessä arvioidaan EU-maiden kasvihuonekaasupäästöjen kehitystä lähivuosina. Raportissa tarkastellaan myös päästökehityksen taustalla olevaa talouden ja energian kysynnän kasvua sekä päästörajoitustoimenpiteiden vaikutusta Suomen ja suurten EU-maiden kokonaistaloudelliseen...