An automated computer program isdeveloped for calculating areal average rainfall(AAR) value and its implementation is presentedfor the arid region representative country,Libya.The procedure is conceptually simple byconsideration of almost equilateral trianglesconnecting adjacent meteorological...

Wadis are arid region drainage basins, mostly in the Quaternary depositions of different facies and grain size distributions depending on the paleogeologic environmental processes. Random and heterogeneous setup of the subsurface geological layer composition gives rather independent, haphazard...

In large metropolitan areas of the world the operation andmanagement programs for water supply reservoirs play adominant role in economic, social and cultural growth anddevelopment. An unprecedented population increase inaddition to intensive migration from rural areas add extrapressure on the...

Arid lands are in the need of additional water supply but water transportation from outside of the natural hydrological cycle causes the groundwater to rise within the urban areas. Additional water supply from surrounding areas or through the desalination plants provides comfort in domestic...

Wind energy potential in various parts of Turkey is becoming economical due to reductions in the wind turbine costs, and in fossil fuel atmospheric pollution. The global change program imposes restrictions for use of alternative renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources. Wind energy...

Continuous uses of fossil fuels are bound to pollute the atmosphere and consequently unwanted greenhouse and climate change effects will come to dominate every part of the earth. It is, therefore, advised to exploit clean energy resources, and for many nations in the world to try to assess their...

Cold season heating energy requirements in buildings can be estimated with the degree-hours method based on human comfort levels and available meteorological temperature records for a given area. Such estimations are especially significant for cities where fossil fuel consumption must be...

Arid regions generally have great temperature differences between day and night. Heating degree–days are indicative of the need to heat buildings. We show that the maximum and minimum temperatures are linearly related at high significance levels. Degree–day calculations using only maximum...