Small-scale distributed cogeneration technologies represent a key resource to increase generation efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions with respect to conventional separate production means. However, the diffusion of distributed cogeneration within urban areas, where air quality...

The recent development of efficient thermal prime movers for distributed generation is changing the focus of the production of electricity from large centralized power plants to local generation units scattered over the territory. The scientific community is addressing the analysis and planning...

Combined production of electricity, heat and cooling power in trigeneration represents a key option for the development of high-efficiency and cost-effective integrated energy systems. The complexity of the possible plant schemes calls for the adoption of general models handling multiple...

This paper provides a set of specific examples to show the effectiveness of the trigeneration CO2emission reduction (TCO2ER) indicator proposed in the companion paper (Part I: Models and indicators) to assess the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction from cogeneration and trigeneration...

The diffusion of cogeneration and trigeneration plants as local generation sources could bring significant energy saving and emission reduction of various types of pollutants with respect to the separate production of electricity, heat and cooling power. The advantages in terms of primary energy...

It is arguable how much flexibility and efficiency from coupling different energy vectors through available technologies is exploited in current energy systems. In particular, in spite of the growing interest for the multi-energy concept, there are very few models capable of clearly explaining...

Increasing interest in low carbon electro-thermal heating technologies, such as electric heat pumps and combined heat and power units, may in the near future significantly change the character of domestic electricity and gas demand profiles. To understand the impact of adoption of such...

In district energy systems powered by Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants, thermal storage can significantly increase CHP flexibility to respond to real time market signals and therefore improve the business case of such demand response schemes in a Smart Grid environment. However, main...

Cogeneration system planning spans a multi-year time interval and is affected by various sources of uncertainty, mainly depending on the evolution of energy loads and prices. The high level of uncertainty requires assessing the convenience of adopting predefined technological alternatives in...

This paper discusses specific models and analyses to select the best cogeneration planning solution in the presence of uncertainties on a long-term time scale, completing the approach formulated in the companion paper (Part I). The most convenient solutions are identified among a pre-defined set...