Real estate investment is different from financial investment and such difference can affect the results of traditional mean -variance models. The literature on property finance summarises the differences of expected return and expected risk among individual real estate investments into four...

The hedonic price models on the office sector demonstrate the existence of a link between the rent and the vacancy of the area (Wheaton and Torto, 1988), the characteristics of the building (Clapp 1980) and the characteristics of the area (Gardiner and Henneberry, 1988). The role of each feature...

This paper enters the wide international debate about the average discount on the Net Asset Value (NAV) of the closed-end funds, considering the recent takeover bids on the Italian real estate funds. The poor empirical analysis and the anecdotical available surveys on the Italian real estate...

The rating offered by independent credit assessment institution represents an easy way to summarize the risk return profile of an investment and, especially in the United States, this tool is used also to evaluate the risk return profile of Real Estate investment products. The more relevant...

The variability of cash flows of Real Estate investments is affected by specific characteristic of each investment and by the choices for the portfolio composition and for the debt structure. The Italian Real Estate funds could not be evaluated with the same approaches used for other...

The certainty and the volatility of tenant periodical cash flows related to real estate investments can prominently impact on the expected return estimated ex-ante. Therefore the tenant risk is a crucial factor for the investors and their asset allocation choices. The paper considers the Italian...

Liquidity is the ability of a bank to collect money necessary for financing assets and meet obligations as they come due, without incurring unsustainable losses; the maturity transformation of short-term deposits into long-term loans makes banks inherently vulnerable to liquidity risk (Basel...

Literature and regulation on financial intermediaries consider real estate loans being credit risk mitigated exposures due to the role played by the collateral. The effectiveness of the mitigation stemming from the real estate collateral depends on the recovery value the intermediary can expect...