Refocusing deals with the tendency of the groups to grow on controlled markets. It is a result of several constraints : capital budgeting in a world sized competitive environment, maximizing the return on capital employed, taking over the goodwill for the benefit of financial investors, leaving...

Geostatistics and spatial econometrics are two spatial statistical approaches used to deal with spatial dependence. Geostatistics estimates directly the variance-covariance matrix by assuming that the covariance among observations depends inversely on the distance between their locations, called...