This paper identifies the organizational context variables affecting the success and failure of MIS. The variables are categorized as uncontrollable, partially controllable and controlled, and a conceptual scheme is suggested. In addition, current information on these variables and the...

The formulation of a strategy for an organization begins with identifying the opportunities and risks in the environment. A full and permanent search--or scanning--of all environmental forces is both too costly and intractable in terms of management time. Our findings indicate that managers do...