Germany was divided after World War II, many firms in the machine tool industry fled the Soviet occupied zone to prevent … expropriation. We show that the regional location decisions of these firms upon moving to western Germany were driven by non … effects are due to increased competition for local resources. …

Germany was divided after World War II, many firms in the machine tool industry fled the Soviet occupied zone to prevent … expropriation. We show that the regional location decisions of these firms upon moving to western Germany were driven by non … effects are due to increased competition for local resourc es. …

alternative theories. In this survey, we focus on four important aspects, namely: (i) the role of competition and market structure …

addressed by alternative theories. In this survey, we focus on four important aspects, namely: (i) the role of competition and …

, with labor laws and household banking quality also playing important roles. Looking at the district-industry level, we find … extensive evidence of agglomeration economies among manufacturing industries. In particular, supportive incumbent industrial … evidence for the Chinitz effect where small local incumbent suppliers encourage entry. The importance of agglomeration …

entrepreneurship relative to male entrepreneurship. We find evidence of agglomeration economies in both sectors, where higher female … female. Moreover, higher female ownership of local businesses in related industries (e.g., those sharing similar labor needs …