Various types of linked structures between added rows on a rutile TiO2(110) surface have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). A new type of linked structure, cycle-link structure comprised of eight oxygen atoms and six titanium atoms, has been observed for the first time on...

The assembled structures of triangular symmetrically shape molecules with three functional groups, trimesic acid (TMA) and melamine, have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) in ambient. Hexagonal porous structures are formed by these...

When consumption betas of stocks are computed using year-over-year consumption growth based upon the fourth quarter, the CCAPM explains the cross-section of stock returns as well as the Fama and French (1993) three-factor model. The CCAPM's performance deteriorates substantially when consumption...

We run a horse race among eight proposed factors and eight proposed conditioning variables for explaining the cross section of stock returns. The purpose is to better understand which factors, in combination with which conditioning variables, seem robust in explaining cross-sectional data, and...

When consumption betas of stocks are computed using consumption growth from 4th quarter of one year to the next, the CCAPM explains the cross section of stock returns as well as the Fama and French (1993) three factor model. The CCAPM performance deteriorates substantially when consumption...

When consumption betas of stocks are computed using year-over-year consumption growth based upon the fourth quarter, the CCAPM explains the cross-section of stock returns as well as the Fama and French (1993) three-factor model. The CCAPM's performance deteriorates substantially when consumption...

The paper models a firm's dynamic decisions: i) whether to issue a callable or non-callable bond; ii) when to call the callable bond; and iii) whether to refund it when it is called. We argue that callable bonds can be used to hedge investment risk, since they can resolve risk shifting problem...

We show that when investors review their consumption and investment plans infrequently at different points in time with interim information flow the standard consumption-based capital asset pricing model (CCAPM) will continue to hold only at those points in time when all investors review their...