Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs for education are known to be effective in increasing educational achievements among the rural poor. Using panel data from the Progresa experience with randomized treatment, we show that there is strong state dependence in school attendance. Short term...

Expansion of high education in Vietnam will be undermined without an effective student, loans policy to assist with tuition and living costs. We show the significance of this issue is by, constructing a hypothetical loans system and calculating repayment burdens (RBs) (the proportion of, a...

The time is approaching when Vietnamese higher education students will be required to contribute more to the direct costs of the process. As well, continued expansion of the system will become increasingly difficult without the institution of an effective student loans policy designed to assist...

The majority of OECD countries provide support to R&D both through direct subsidies and, increasingly, by means of tax incentives. For a considerable period of time, Austria has been offering an instrument of fiscal support to R&D – the R&D tax allowance – that is rather generous by...

The basic concern of this paper is the effect of private sponsorship of university research on the allocation of expenditures between public good research and commercial applications. Throughout the land-grant university system, there is much concern that as a result of reduced government...

Globalisation and technological evolution associated with critical socioeconomics changes altered the traditional supply chain (SC) nature, and the corresponding risk forms. Therefore, modern SCs are vulnerable to risks, and their effects (delays and disruptions of product, money, and...

In view of the unprecedented devastation of the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), the psychological overreaction tends to emphasize the safety aspects at the expense of the basic principle of designing industrial supply chains that achieve competitiveness and robustness simultaneously....