the indirect – i.e. spillovers – causal effect of participating in APLs on a series of SMEs’ performance indicators … and learning among themselves and with other stakeholders. Using firm-level data comprising information on SMEs from … Brazil for the years 2002 to 2009 we apply fixed effects, matching and reweighting methods to estimate both the direct and …

firms (DFs) to know if there are spillovers from MNEs to their affiliates. Secondly, it identifies the differences in the … determinants of technical efficiency between FAs and DFs. Finally, it examines the presence (or absence) of efficiency spillovers …

international R&D spillovers via intermediate goods imports on a country’s productivity. Estimation models are built on the model … test and estimation. Estimation results confirm the robust positive effect of international R&D spillovers through the …

counterparts? (2) Do foreign firms generate spillovers to domestic firms? The estimation technique in this paper takes potential … endogeneity of ownership, spillovers and other factors into account by estimating a fixed effects model using instrumental … spillovers to domestic firms on average. In contrast, on average there are negative spillovers to domestic firms in Bulgaria and …