The great deficits created in the pursuit of the Keynesian welfare state led to governmental failure. This increasingly posed a greater risk to financial system than market failure, due to the increasing scale effects. Competition ceases to exist. The operations of markets first described by...

General economists, as well as Maritime economists, <italic>assume</italic> that the time series they forecast follow normal distribution, and data is independently and identically distributed around the mean. This paper contests this assumption with the aid of three sets of time series: (1) The Dry Cargo...

This paper addresses the question of whether the time series for the trip and time charter indices between 1968--2003 and 1971--2003 are identically and independently distributed, and whether they have nonlinear dependence. The test method used was based upon the work of Brock, Dechert and...

This paper forecast/predicted the one-year time charter weekly freight rates earned by a 65 000 dwt bulk carrier using 996 weeks of data from 1989 to 2008. First, the need and the importance, but also the futility, of forecasting is discussed in shipping. This is a volatile industry that can be...

Very high spot rates induce excessive orders this statement is tested. Time charter rates found not only to influence orders more than spot rates, but so does the price of shipbuilding. It is also shown that the surplus of supply over demand is a more accurate measure for shipowners in placing...

In this paper we introduce, for the first time, a methodology from the most recent literature of finance to reveal the duration of shipping cycles and then show the benefit of the use of this information to make more successful shipping loans. This is so as banks are willing to finance, during...