-Saharan Africa. Access to productive employment is seen as essential for poverty reduction and the inclusion of the poor in wider … consumption above the poverty line; b. Stability of this income over time (absence of vulnerability; c. Decent working conditions … and working hours. The challenge of African economies lies not so much in open unemployment, as in the quality of …

In the leading chapter of this dissertation, "Unemployment, Vulnerability and Poverty: A New Class of Measures, Its … that, unlike the standard measures of unemployment or poverty, account for the amount of vulnerability that exists in … Axiomatic Properties and Applications," we, Kaushik Basu and myself, derive a new class of measures for unemployment or poverty …