Biogas utilization has undergone great development in rural China since the government systematically popularized household-scale biogas digesters for meeting the rural energy needs in the 1970s. In order to comprehensively estimate the significance of biogas utilization on rural energy...

Let {Zn} be a sequence of independently distributed and nonnegative random variables and let . We show that, under mild conditions, E[(a+Xn)-[alpha]] can be asymptotically approximated by [a+E(Xn)]-[alpha] for a0 and [alpha]0. We further show that E{[f(Xn)]-1} can be asymptotically approximated...

Transnational terrorism data are difficult to forecast because they contain an unknown number of structural breaks of unknown functional form. The rise of religious fundamentalism, the demise of the Soviet Union, and the rise of al Qaeda have changed the nature of transnational terrorism. 'Old...

RELU is a dynamic general equilibrium model of a metropolitan economy and its land use, derived by unifying in a theoretically valid way, models developed by one of the authors [Anas (1982), Anas-Arnott (1991, 1997), Anas-Kim (1996), Anas-Xu (1999)]. RELU equilibrates floor space, land and labor...

Tariffs on agricultural products fell sharply in China both prior to, and as a consequence of, China's accession to the WTO. The paper examines the nature of agricultural trade reform in China since 1981, and finds that protection was quite strongly negative for most commodities, and...

Because landlords assume all of the operating expense risk, rents for gross leases exceed those for net leases. The markup, or spread, for gross leases varies between properties and across markets. Specifically, the markup is expected to increase with the cost of real estate services at the...

Nonlocal investors purchase and sell investment property in a distant metropolitan area. In this study, we identify capital value underperformance for nonlocal investors on both sides of the transaction, when they purchase and when they sell. The commercial real estate transactions data include...