This paper discusses the state of innovation in the Egyptian information technology sector (IT) and the corresponding role of intellectual property (IP). The Egyptian ICT sector is an important contributor to economic growth and employment. Having established itself as a leading supplier of ICT...

Patent trolls have many faces, since the media uses this expression in various ways. The patent troll phenomenon thus seems to be an ambiguous term that is discussed in several directions. This paper reveals that a patent troll as such has no distinct shape or appearance. Our analysis redeems a...

Universities are increasingly trying not only to pursue excellence in research, but further more to exploit its outcomes. A Knowledge and technology transfer of research results and inventions should be optimally posed to generate support and financial returns. The road from an invention to a...

Theoretical and empirical analyses about informal consortia are not yet able to entirely illustrate the informal standard setting landscape. This paper tries to provide a broad and comprehensive picture of informal standards consortia and their dynamic development in the past ten years. Analyses...

Universitäten versuchen vermehrt exzellente Forschung nicht nur zu betreiben, sondern diese auch zu verwerten. Forschungsergebnisse und Erfindungen sollen durch einen bestmöglichen Wissens- und Technologietransfer in Industrie und Wirtschaft, die Wissenschaft fördern und finanzielle...

The development of formal ICT standards is a challenging form of collaborative innovation, combining consensus decision making and R&D rivalry. To supplement this formal standard setting process, it has thus become frequent that part of the involved firms creates ad hoc consortia to better align...