This study attempted to quantify the relationship between international trade and overall economic performance in Nigeria. Specifically, this study examined the correlation between economic growth and each of export performance and import penetration, as well as the effect of export performance,...

With the advent of WTO, India entered into the era of trade reforms in 1991 and is moving gradually towards an open economy. It is widely believed that export and import growth is crucial in providing the impetus for economic growth in developing countries and imports provide the important...

The study provide an analysis of the macroeconomic issues surrounding the reforms needed to meet the country’s growth target, as well as to identify existing policy and structural constraints and macroeconomic policy reforms measures that would help to remove those constraints. The indicative...

Criminal activity performs like a tax on the entire economy - it discourages domestic and foreign direct investments, it reduces firms’ competitiveness, and reallocates resources creating uncertainty and inefficiency. Although the impact of economic variables on crime has been widely...

This study provides an analysis of causal links between GDP and usage of hard coal in production of metals in Poland. In order to assure the correctness of computations a third variable – employment – was included in the dataset. Linear and nonlinear dynamic interactions were investigated...

The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of payment cards use on the amount of money in circulation in Belgium. In all developed countries the amout of notes and coins has decreased over the past years. Such tendency can be attributed to a slow, but continuous process of substitution of...

Recent national and international regulatory reforms (e.g. U.S. FAIR and other GATT compliance reforms) in agricultural markets has led some observers to wonder whether the private sector is able to produce a level of price volatility that is socially acceptable. In this paper, we examine the...

Convergence is considered to be a fundamental element of the current economic literature and at the same time of the macroeconomic system concentrating upon distribution of the revenues among states and upon the polarity and diff erences that characterize the modern economies. Relating...

This paper examines the long-run relationship between trade open-ness and economic growth across countries over the period 1960-2000. Two strategies are followed in empirical investigation. First, we extend the augmented neo-classical growth model with an openness variable and estimate it by...

China is well-placed to avoid the so-called “middle-income trap” and to continue to converge towards the more advanced economies, even though growth is likely to slow from near double-digit rates in the first decade of this millennium to around 7% at the 2020 horizon. However, in order to...